Endnotes: chapter twenty five

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1. al-Sira al-nabawiyya, 1:198.
2. Tabaqat Ibn Sa`d, 1:132. The Swedish orientalist Frants Buhl thinks it is an exaggeration to say that Khadija was forty years old since she already had five sons, knowing that Arab women suffer from early aging ("Khadidja", EI, vol.2, p.922).
3. al-Sira, 1:199.
4. Tabaqat, 1:131.
5. al-Sira, 1:200; Tabaqat, 8:52.
6. al-Sira, 1:201; Tabaqat, 8:52
7. Tabaqat, 1:132ff.
8. al-Sira, 1:202.
9. ibid. 1:132.
10. Tabaqat, 1:137; cf. al-Sira, 3:193ff; al-Simt al-thamin, p.13; al-Isti`ab, 4:1817ff.
11. al-Sira, 1:202.
12. Tabaqat, 1:144.
13. Tabaqat, 1:144.
14. ibid.
15. Sura al-Nisa' 4:128; Tabaqat 8:52. Al-Tabari says in his commentary: "If a woman fears that her husband feels aloof to her and starts looking at another woman, either because he hates her or hates some things about her, such as ugliness or old age, there is no fault in such a woman who fears the desertion of her husband to free him from her appointed day [of conjugal right], and thus win his kindness" (al-Tabari, 5:305-306). Yet the case is otherwise with the men who fear the rebelliousness of their wives: "And those you fear may be rebellious admonish; banish them to their couches, and [even] beat them" (Sura al-Nisa' 4:34).
16. Tabaqat 8:53. `A'isha `Abd al-Rahman says concerning Muhammad when he drove Sawda away and received her again among his wives, "But he pitied her emotional deprivation and did not like her to fall a victim to the brutal feeling that she was not like the other [wives]. He tried his best to open his heart to her, but he could not get his human nature to do so. The uttermost he could do for Sawda was to equalise her with the rest of his wives in terms of housing and keep; as to his emotions, he found it impossible to force something unpleasant to them, or subdue them by his will-power to the balances of justice and the regulations of fairness!" (Nisa' al-Nabi, p.66). For more information on Sawda, see Ansab al-ashraf, 1:407; Usd al-ghaba, 5:584; Annals of al-Tabari, 3:161.
17. Tabaqat, 8:58; Abu Dawud, Nikah 34; Ansab al-ashraf, 1:410; Usd al-ghaba, 5:501
18. al-Sira, 4:293
19. Tabaqat, 8:58
20. ibid.
21. Tabaqat, 8:60
22. ibid. 8:64
23. ibid. 8:65
24. ibid. 8:67
25. ibid. 8:318; al-Bukhari, At`ima 25,30; Fadha'il al-sahaba 30
26. Tabaqat, 1:318
27. ibid. 8:62
28. ibid. 8:80-82; al-Sira, 4:294
29. Tabaqat, 8:83; Ansab al-ashraf, 1:402; Usd al-ghaba, 5:466
30. ibid. 8:85,90ff. al-Sira, 4:294.
31. Tabaqat, 8:91ff.
32. ibid. 8:94
33. ibid. 8:95-96. While eye-witnesses of the household of Muhammad (the chief one of whom is `A'isha) tell us that about the beauty of Umm Salama and the way she rivalled the rest in beauty, Muslims in the twentieth century try to convince us that she was middle-aged and that Muhammad married her only out of pity (Hasan Kamil al-Maltawi, Rasul Allah fi al-Qur'an al-karim (Cairo, 1979), p.339; al-Manar, 5:305; Muhammad Rashid Ridha, Fatawa al-Imam, 5:1911).
34. Tabaqat, 8:96; Annals of al-Tabari, 3:164; Ansab al-ashraf, 1:429; Usd al-ghaba, 5:560.
35. Tabaqat, 8:101.
36. Sura al-Ahzab 33:37.
37. Tabaqat, 8:101-102.
38. ibid.
39. ibid. 8:104.
40. Sura al-Ahzab 33:53.
41. Tabaqat, 8:105-106.
42. ibid.
43. ibid. 8:108; al-Simt al-thamin, p.110; al-Isti`ab, 40:1851; al-Isaba, 9:83.
44. ibid. 8:108.
45. ibid.
46. ibid. 8:114.
47. ibid. 8:110-116; Usd al-ghaba, 5:466.
48. Tabaqat, 8:166.
49. Tabaqat, 8:116-117; Ansab al-ashraf, 1:433; Usd al-ghaba, 5:462.
50. Tabaqat, 8:117; al-Sira, 4:296; Usd al-ghaba, 5:420.
51. Tabaqat, 8:118.
52. ibid.
53. ibid. 8:121-122.
54. ibid. 8:126; Ansab al-ashraf, 1:422; Usd al-ghaba, 5:490ff.
55. Tabaqat, 8:129-130.
56. ibid.
57. ibid. 8:132; Ansab al-ashraf, 1:453; Usd al-ghaba, 5:460; al-Tabari, 3:167.
58. Tabaqat, 8:133. Cf. the traditions quoted here (8:133ff.).

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